Kelowna Botox Background Information:
Botox (also known as Botulinum toxin) has been around for a very long time. Botox is a very small protein produced by a bacteria (Clostridium botulinum) which occurs naturally. Botox was originally called the “sausage poison” because it was found to be present on meats that were prepared improperly, namely sausages.
The term botulinum comes from the latin word botulus which literally means “sausage”.
Dr. Justinus Kerner was the first physician to conceive a medical use for this protein back in the 1820′s as he investigated the deaths of a group of people who ate improperly prepared blood sausage. He stated that there was something in the sausages that led to those people having died or become paralyzed. After this he began to study the bacteria that produced the “disease” and even went so far as to inject himself with it. He suffered no long term problems, but his studies started to pave the way to understanding our nervous system better as well as how to prevent food borne diseases.
Seventy years later after Kerner’s initial experiements, in 1890 a Dr. Emile Pierre van Ermengem of Belgium studied an occurrence of botulism following a dinner where 23 people were paralyzed and died. It was told that a tainted ham was to blame.
Dr. van Ermengem who was a student of Dr. Koch(discoverer of anthrax, tuberculosis and cholera) discovered the connection between the disease of botulism and a bacteria which he called “Bacillus botulinus”. It is called bacillus because it is a spore-forming bacterium. Studies were then conducted on the bacterium and many different strains of this were identified, namely, A through G although only A, B, E and F will have an effect on humans.
Botox research in the 50′s and 60′s was all about purifying the protein which caused botulism and understanding how it worked in the body. Dr. Bernon Brooks in 1953 discovered that injecting small amounts into spastic muscles blocked the release of the chemical acetylcholine that causes muscle contractions causing a temporary relaxation.
In the 1960′s, an ophthalmologist (eye physician), Dr. Alan Scott began to use Botox type A in experiments to treat strabismus (crossed eyes).
It wasn’t until 1978 when the FDA approved the use of Botox type A that Botox use and research really started to take off. They were using Botox type A for strabismus, spasms of facial muscles, shoulder spasms, neck spasms and even vocal cord spasm. In 1988, the company Allergan purchased the rights to sell Botox type A (oculinum as it was known back then) and then one year later they received approval to use Botox for crossed eyes and facial spasms around the eyes. At this time they also changed the name from botulinum toxin to what we know today as “Botox”.
In the early nineties, a Canadian eye and skin care surgeon (not in kelowna) discovered that after treating patients with facial spasms, their skin wrinkles around the eyes also improved. The patients were also requesting that the doctor perform the same treatment on the other side because they liked the effect so much! This physician was smart enough to realize an interesting benefit and began to study the use of Botox as a wrinkle treatment. In 1992, Dr. Jean Carruthers and her husband Dr. Alastair Carruthers published a study in the Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology stating that though the effect was temporary, Botox type A injections into the muscles was a safe procedure for brow wrinkles.
Since then, the use of Botox has skyrocketed and we have found many more useful ways to harness the amazing potential of this little protein. At the end of 2006, Botox sales surpassed 1 billion dollars with the cosmetic use accounting for half of sales.
I hope you have learned a little more about Botox and enjoyed what you have read. I’ll admit i have also learned some more about the history of this bacteria in researching this blog.
Wishing everyone the best of the season and a Happy New Year in Kelowna or wherever you may be!
Dr. Craig Crippen – Your MD Botox injector in Kelowna, BC